ikhwanmaulana

CONCEPT OF ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE OF SCIENCE

6:57 PM |

CONCEPT OF ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE OF SCIENCE

Aroiq

Fachri Kurnia Ferdianto

Ikhawan Maulana

Abstract

Islam as a worldview has a different point of view from other religion and civilisation perspective to see the world. This point of view is reflected and accumulated in the key concept understood from the main Islamic teaching source, Al-Qur’an and Sunnah. For example, related to the concept of science in the western civilisation. The concept of science in Islam has an effect on the goal orientation of Islamic education, that is different from the goal orientation of the western education. These Islamic Education goal are: Producing human being, having a good moral value, who can put something based on the real honor, using the right ways to reach the correct goal, and struggling for something to reach the right goal. The concept of science in Islam has an orientation to curriculum and classroom learning process. The education curriculum has to be developed integrally. Integrate between fardhu ‘ain and fardhu kifayah science development. In addition, the implementation of this can be dinamic. In the learning process of courtesies related to the science, the courtecies of the relationship between teacher and student in the educative interaction has to be implemented.

Keywords: The concept of science, and education

A. Defition of Science

Science is a complate description of data and is responsible for the simple formulas. Science comes from word (‘alima, ya’ lamu, ‘ilman). The term "science" is often understood as something similar to scienced in English, wissenschaft (German) and etenschap (Dutch), which means "know". The term "science" comes from the word ‘Alima’ (Arabic) which means knowing. Thus the language of science means language. However, in terms of terms there are quite clear differences between the definitions or definitions put forward by scientists in general a, with the understanding expressed by Muslim scientists especially. Endang Saifuddin Ansari (1985) cites some notions of science from thinkers, among them Karl Pearson in his book Grammar of Science, formulated: "Science is the complete and consistent description of the simplest possible terms" (Science is painting a complete and consistent description of the facts of experience in simple terms or as little as possible ) Citing the definition of Baiquni, Ansari said that: "Science as the general concensus of the scientific community".

The meanings above show that, science is knowledge that has certain characteristics, codes, and requirements, namely: "systematic, rational, empirical, general, and cumulative (stacked stack)". In other terms, science is knowledge that is systematically arranged which is obtained through steps of scientific methodology, both about social behavior, culture, and natural phenomena that can be observed and measured. The most important elements of science include: The system, which serves to hold the object of one study of science with another, which is often referred to as the ontology aspect. The method, the method used by scientists to embrace the object of study, which is often known as epistemology. Facts, descriptions of the symptoms that exist in the object of study, and theory, namely a set of logical and systematic statements about the observed symptoms. While the understanding of science conveyed by contemporary Muslim thinkers, namely al-Attas, in his works that discuss the science of education is different from the scientific scientists in general. He stated: "Science is all knowledge comes from God and is interpreted by soul through its spiritual and physical faculties and senses, it follows that knowledge, with reference to God as being its origin, is the arrival (husul) in the soul of the meaning (ma'na) of a thing or object of knowledge; and with reference to the heart of being interpreter, knowledge is the arrival (wusul) of the soul at the meaning of an object or an object of knowledge "(al-Attas, 2001).

Understanding the science if it is formulated in a simpler sentence becomes: "Knowledge comes when something happens to oneself, and the success of self-absorbing it" (Isma'il, 2007). From the discussion above, the concept of science in its definition has the following meaning:

a. The achievement of science involves God and humans.

The description above implies that the acquisition of knowledge always involves two parties, namely the one who gives and who receives it. Allah is the giver of knowledge and the person who receives it. So, the real source of knowledge is God, and humans are the recipients of the gift of knowledge and understanding.

b. The epistemological process involves active and passive aspects.

Epistemologically the achievement of knowledge consists of two aspects, namely, the passive and active aspects. Passivity appears in the sentence "the arrival in the soul of the meaning of an object or an object of knowledge"; and the active aspect refers to human beings as the recipient of knowledge with strong will. Although epistemologically the process of achieving knowledge always involves two aspects, namely passive and active, but the strength of the two aspects varies according to the level of intelligence and the types of knowledge someone learned. There are types of knowledge that can get it more in terms of passivity and there is also a type of science that attempts to get it requires more active aspects. Basically, the sciences which are more passive are called the science of macrifat

Whereas science with a more active aspect is often called science. The science of makrifat this is what is usually included in the category of science fardhu ‘ain (Al-Attas, 1981).

c. Information as the main means of achieving science.

Information in essence is what is present to us both through sensory instruments such as vision, hearing, feeling, smell and touch, and even so. Information has various forms, namely: numbers, data, colors, patterns, images, sounds, sounds, symbols, texts, and so on. Information is not knowledge, but to get knowledge, information is needed. This means that someone cannot get knowledge without any information present to him. Therefore the transformation of knowledge always uses information. For example, teachers when teaching always provide information in the form of language and teaching aids, which in everyday terms are often referred to as "communication". Students pay close attention to the information conveyed by the teacher. When students can then understand what is conveyed by the teacher means that students get the knowledge, namely "understanding". This understanding in Islam is believed to be a gift from Allah. So, no matter how good the teacher teaches and as soon as any student learns that God does not give understanding, students will not gain knowledge. This is why

both listen to information from the same source of understanding each individual is different ... (Al-Attas, 1995).

B. Classification of Science According to Al-Gazali

Al-Ghazali divided the knowledge into two groups, namely the science of fardhu in ain and the science of fardhu kifayah. The science of fardu in ain is a science that is required of each individual while the science of fardhu kifayah is a science that is obligatory to Muslims collectively. So fardhu in ain is the obligation of individuals while fardhu kifayah is the duty of Muslims as a whole. The implication of sin if the science of farhu is not carried out is borne by the individual, while the implication of sin is that the knowledge of fardhu kifayah is not carried out borne jointly by members of the community.

1. Science of Fardhu ‘ain

As stated by the Salaf scholars, the knowledge that is fardu to be studied by every Muslim is a science that inevitably must be learned by Muslims. The science of fardhu is obligatory for all humans, for ordinary people or scholars. The mandatory legal status is called Fardu Ain. In Islam there are several things included in Fardu Ain which include:

· Shalat five times

· Fasting in the month of Ramadan

· Hajj if you can

· Issue alms

· Dutiful to parents

2. Science of Fardhu Kifayah

Imam al-Ghazali explained that the science of fardhu kifayah has two criteria. The first criteria, namely the sciences that are a prerequisite for the upholding of religious affairs, such as tajweed, the science of interpretation, the science of hadith, the science of ushul fiqh, the science of jurisprudence, etc. (Zaidi Ismal, 2007). This is the manifestation of the word of God in al-Qura'an: "It is inappropriate for the believers to go all (to the battlefield). Why not go away from each group among them some people to deepen their knowledge of religion and to warn their people if they have returned to them, so that they can guard themselves. "(QS. At-Tawbah: 122)

The next category of science of fardhu kifayah is that the sciences today are often referred to as general sciences, such as medicine, nursing, engineering, economics, animal husbandry, agricultural science, and others. The sciences are even though they are not religious knowledge but their existence is needed to meet the worldly needs of Muslim societies. If these sciences are not controlled by Muslims, it is certain that Muslims will experience difficulties in maintaining their natural existence. Especially when you have to compete with other people who are very serious in learning these sciences.

Fardhu Kifayah is the legal status of an activity in Islam that must be carried out, but if it has been done by another Muslim then this obligation falls. Examples of activities belonging to Fardhu Kifayah:

· Observe Muslim bodies

· Study certain sciences (for example: medicine, economics, etc.)

· Amar ma'ruf nahi munkar

· Jihad ibidaida

C. Conclucion

Science is a complate description of data and is responsible for the simple formulas. Science comes from word (‘alima, ya’ lamu, ‘ilman). "Knowledge comes when something happens to oneself, and the success of self-absorbing it" (Isma'il, 2007). From the discussion above, the concept of science in its definition has the following meaning:

1. The achievement of science involves God and humans.

2. The epistemological process involves active and passive aspects.

3. Information as the main means of achieving science.

Al-Ghazali divided the knowledge into two groups, namely the science of fardhu in ain and the science of fardhu kifayah.